Two authors independently extracted relevant data, assessed review quality using the AMSTAR checklist and applied GRADE judgements where required to individual reviews.
We included reviews if they investigated the following: TENS versus sham TENS versus usual care or no treatment/waiting list control TENS plus active intervention versus active intervention alone comparisons between different types of TENS or TENS delivered using different stimulation parameters. We included all Cochrane Reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness of TENS in people with chronic pain. Two authors independently screened the results of the electronic search by title and abstract against inclusion/exclusion criteria. We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), in the Cochrane Library, across all years up to Issue 11 of 12, 2018.
